The off-grid house designed by DUST is located in a remote landscape on the southwestern bajada of the Canelo Hills in Southern Arizona’s San Rafael Valley, two hours southeast of Tucson and 15 miles north of the US/Mexico Border. Siting is balanced between the prospect of the open range and distant mountains toward the west and refuge from those who may venture across the landscape. Proximity to the border and immigrant related foot traffic led the owner to request an impenetrable structure. Photography by Cade Hayes.
The house emerges from the native grasses, Emery Oaks, and open ranges beyond in a simple rectangular form of 18” mass walls constructed of poured lava-crete. The material is comprised of a mixture of pulverized lightweight red scoria, cement, and water, rammed into formwork. These walls create the structure, finish and offer insulation and thermal mass all in one stroke.
The 945 sq ft structure takes clues from a vernacular “zaguan” housing typology. The plan locates two bedrooms (265 sq. ft.) opposite a living room (265 sq. ft.) (530 interior sq. ft.); a zaguan runs between them (270 sq. ft.). Large bi-fold doors on the ends of the zaguan connect the space to the outside, introducing natural light when open, and security when closed.
Cooling is provided by natural cross ventilation through the zaguan and window openings, while wood fuel sourced on the property provides heating. Water is from a well, while solar power is used for minimal electrical and appliance needs. A single 30-yard rolloff of waste was removed after the entire construction process.
Technical Sheet:
Casa Caldera – DUST, Tucson Arizona
Location: Southeast Arizona, San Rafael Valley
Completion Date (Month and Year): December 2015
Interior square footage: 530 sq. ft.
Footprint sq. ft. (includes exterior zaguan and terrace): 1060 sq. ft.
Architect’s firm: DUST, Tucson Arizona
Cade Hayes, Principal of DUST, Project Architect, Registered Architect
Jesus Robles, Principal of DUST, Project Manager, Design
General contractor: DUST
Jesus Robles, Project Manager
Cade Hayes, Project Manager
Project Team: Jay Ritchey, Carpenter, Agustin Valdez, Concrete and Mason, Ben Gallegos, Labor/Job Site Assistant